A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/URI.php

Line Number: 101

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Router.php

Line Number: 127

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 78

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 390

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated

Filename: database/DB_driver.php

Line Number: 371

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 132

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 290

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 164

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 233

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 313

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 354

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 284

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 291

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 306

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 316

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 318

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 319

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 377

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 108

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 110

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1279

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$cart is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1279

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$ajax_pagination is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1279

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 10
Function: library

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$catalogue_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 353

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 11
Function: model

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$perPage is deprecated

Filename: controllers/Catalogue.php

Line Number: 12

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 12
Function: _error_handler

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$cart is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$ajax_pagination is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$catalogue_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$perPage is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view

File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

9789356518070 | Parasitology and Applied Zoology | Sobti, R.C
Parasitology and Applied Zoology

Parasitology and Applied Zoology

by Sobti, R.C
 

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  • Year: 2023
  • Paperback/Hardbound: Hardbound
  • ISBN: 9789356518070
  • Language: English
 
 

The book a new version of Medical Zoology published in late eighties deals with the basic issues in parasitology such as types, evolution of parasitism, hosts types and their interdependence, symbiotic relationships, concepts of susceptibility and host parasite specificity, immunity to parasitic infections, types of parasitic relationships in animals, adaptations to parasitism, important groups of parasites with particular reference to humans. It also covers the brief information about two infectious diseases; tuberculosis and typhoid fever. The life cycle of certain parasitic protozoans such as Entamobea, Giardia, Plasmodium and Trypansosoma., Parasitic helminths such as Echninococcus, Ancylostoma, Wuchereria bancrofti have been discussed, The book also includes information in certain topics of animals biotechnology such as gene transfer with particular reference to embryonic stem cells, artificial insemination in humans and cattle, animal cloning, stem cell technology, in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer technique (IVF-ET), breeds of dairy cattle and their characteristics, transgenic animals and their uses. Besides these, topics on animal husbandry synchronisation of estrus, integrated animal farming have also been discussed. Attempts have been made to include discussion on poultry farming, principles of poultry culture, common breeds of poultry, management of breeding stocks and broilers, processing and preservation of eggs.Various issues concerning aquaculture such as; definition and scope of aquaculture, fishing gears, genetic improvement of aquaculture, induced breeding and transportation of fish seed, composite fish culture, prawn culture, pearl culture have also been discussed.