Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/URI.php
Line Number: 101
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Router.php
Line Number: 127
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 78
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 390
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated
Filename: database/DB_driver.php
Line Number: 371
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 132
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 290
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 164
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 233
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 313
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 354
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 284
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 291
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 306
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 316
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 317
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 318
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 319
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 377
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 108
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 110
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1279
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$cart is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1279
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 6
Function: __construct
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$ajax_pagination is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1279
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 10
Function: library
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$catalogue_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 11
Function: model
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Catalogue::$perPage is deprecated
Filename: controllers/Catalogue.php
Line Number: 12
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 12
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$cart is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$ajax_pagination is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$catalogue_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$perPage is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/application/controllers/Catalogue.php
Line: 189
Function: view
File: /home/nphindia/public_html/dev.nphindia.com/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
UNIT - I
1. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF PHYSIOLOGY
2. WATER: THE BIOLOGICAL MEDIUM AND ITS ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
2.1. Origin of Life in Aquatic Medium
2.2. General Properties of Water
2.3. Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors/Properties of Water
2.4. The Hydrological Cycle
2.5. Significance of Water in Living Systems
3. GAS EXCHANGE
3.1. Overview of Gas Exchange
3.2. Respiration in Aquatic Animals
3.3. Respiration in Teleost and Elasmobranch
3.4. Accessory Respiratory Organs in Finfish
3.5. Influence of environmental factors on oxygen consumption in fish
3.6. Respiration in Shellfishes : Overview
3.7. Respiratory organs and ventilation in crustaceans
3.8. Respiratory organs and ventilation in molluscs
3.9. Physiology of gas exchange in fish
4. MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY.
4.1. Structure of Various Muscles
4.2. Fish: Muscle Physiology
4.3. Muscle types in shellfish : Overview
4.4. Molluscan Catch Muscle
4.5. Crustacean Muscle: Physiology
4.6. Interesting Facts of Fish Muscular System .
UNIT - II
5. CIRCULATION
5.1. Circulatory Physiology in Animals
5.2. Circulatory Physiology in Primitive Vertebrates
5.3. Circulatory Physiology of Teleost & Elasmobranch
5.4. Blood and Circulation in Fishes
5.5. Physiology of circulation in crustaceans
5.6. Physiology of circulation in molluscs
6. PHYSIOLOGY OF EXCRETION
6.1 Overview of Excretory Physiology in Fishes
6.2. Anatomy of the kidney of fishes
6.3. Significance of Kidney in Fishes
6.4. Excretory stratagies in fish
6.5. Excretory Physiology of Crustaceans
6.6. Excretory Physiology of Molluscs
7. OSMOREGULATION
7.1. Osmoregulatory strategies in fishes
7.2. Osmoregulation in Crustaceans
7.3. Osmoregulation in Molluscs
8. SENSE ORGANS
8.1. Sense Organs in FinFishes
8.2. Sensory Organs in Crustaceans
8.3. Sensory Organs in Molluscs
UNIT - III
9. DIGESTIVE FISH PHYSIOLOGY
9.1. Overview of Digestive Fish Physiology
9.2. Digestive Fluids and Enzymes in Fishes
9.3. Digestion and Absorption in Fishes
9.4. Digestive Physiology of Shellfish
9.5. Digestive Enzymes and Regulation in Shellfish
10. ENERGY AND NUTRIENT STATUS OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS:
METABOLIC PATHWAYS, NITROGEN BALANCE, AND UTILIZATION
10.1. Energy and Nutrient Status of Food
10.2. Nitrogen Balance – Ammonia Production
10.3. Metabolism
10.4. Energy Utilization
UNIT - IV
11. REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
11.1. Overview of Reproductive Physiology
11.2. Reproductive Strategies in Fish
11.3. Oogenisis and Oocyte Development in Fishes
11.4. Spermatogenisis in Fishes
11.5. Endocrine Regulation of Reproduction
11.6. Reproductive physiology of crustaceans
11.7. Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Reproduction and Growth in Crustaceans
12. ENDOCRINE GLANDS
12.1. Endocrine System of Teleosts
12.2. Endocrine System of Dipnoi and Elasmobranchs & Agnathas
12.3. Endocrine System of Crustaceans
12.4. Endocrine System of Molluscs
UNIT - V
13. STRESS PHYSIOLOGY
13.1. Definition: Stress
13.2. Stress related physiological changes
13.3. Types/classification of stressors
13.4. Stress and defense mechanism
14. EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF FINFISH AND SHELLFISH
14.1. Temperature
14.2. Oxygen Availability (Dissolved Oxygen – DO)
14.3. Salinity
14.4. pH and Water Chemistry
14.5. Light (Photoperiod and Intensity)
11.6. Additional Environmental Factors Affecting Physiology of Finfish and Shellfish
11.7 Conclusion
